Information on Tourist Places in Central India
Three Of India’s Largest States — Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh — lie in Central India. This vast and densely populated region is the countlys Hindi-speaking belt (often called the “cow belt”), an area remarkable as much for its rich historical past and religious and cultural diversity as for its mineral wealth.
The River Ganges, which flows through Uttar Pradesh (UP) and Bihar, has shaped much of the history and culture of both states. On its fertile banks, civilizations, cities and empires have grown and flourished, from 1500 BC onwards. Today, the river continues to play a crucial role in the economy, culture, religion as well as imagination of the millions of people who live in the surrounding Gangetic Plains.
UP is both the spiritual heartland of Hinduism and the cultural heartland of Indian Islam — the former symbolized by Varanasi, the holiest of Indian cities, and the latter by the Taj Mahal, the country’s greatest Islamic monument. With a population of 148 Ilion, UP elects more members to Indian parliament than any other ate, and therefore play a dominant role in national politics. Six Indian prime ministers have been from here, including Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, his daughter Indira Gandhi and grandson Rajiv Gandhi and, more recently, Atal Behari Vajpayee. The tides of contemporary politics often hinge on the strength of caste and religious sentiments. One tragic result of this was the demolition of a 15th-century mosque in the town of Ayodhya in 1992, by Hindu religious extremists, because they claimed it stood at the spot where Lord Rama was born. The incident led to widespread Hindu-Muslim riots and the issue continues to simmer.
In November 2000, several new states were created. In UP, the northernmost section, covering the Kumaon and Garhwal hills, became the new state of Uttaranchal. This is an area of great natural beauty, with picturesque hill stations, trekking trails, and ancient Hindu pilgrimage centres, in the shadow of towering Himalayan peaks.
Bihar, like UP, is a densely populated state, and its political agenda too has in recent years been dominated by caste-based issues, at the expense of social and economic development. As a result, rural poverty is still widespread and the literacy rate remains abysmally low, at around 40 per cent. Ironically, this was a state that once had one of the ancient world’s greatest universities, at Nalanda, and was the seat of two of India’s greatest empires, the Maurya and Gupta empires. Bihar also occupies an important place in the history of Indian civilization, as the birthplace of Buddhism — for it was here, at Bodh Gaya, that the Buddha gained enlightenment. This historic legacy can be seen in the state’s famous Buddhist sites. Present-day Bihar has an earthy vitality, which can be experienced at the huge annual cattle fair at Sonepur, where a prime attraction is the unique elephant bazaar.
The new state of Jharkhand, in what Was southern Bihar, came into being in November 2000. An area of great natural beauty, Jharkhand comprises a forested plateau, home to a large Population of tribal people with distinctive cultures, who now dominate the political and economic life of their nascent state. Jharkhand is blessed with great mineral wealth, and its rich deposits of coal and iron, in Particular, ensure its future prosperity.
Madhya Pradesh (MP) provides a sharp contrast to the flat, crowded plains of UP and Bihar, with its varied terrain and relatively sparse population. The countryside here is an enchanting mosaic of cotton fields, craggy ravines, rolling hills, and vast tracts of forest and grassland, which are home to at least half of India’s tiger population. A tragic industrial disaster in the state capital, Bhopal, in 1984 has made the people of this state especially active in environmental issues, and many of them have been campaigning against a large dam on the Narmada river. MP still gets relatively few visitors, yet few other states can rival its range of attractions, which include the World Heritage monuments at Sanchi and Khajuraho, and some of India’s finest wildlife sanctuaries. At the same time as Jharkhand and Uttaranchal, Chhatisgarh came into being. This southeastern part of Madhya Pradesh is a thickly forested area, populated by different tribal communities, engaged in agriculture and a variety of beautiful crafts. Facilities are still being developed to welcome visitors to this fascinating part of the country.
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